CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Genome Editing for Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

Genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 has emerged as a promising tool for crop improvement. This study targets key regulatory genes associated with drought tolerance in maize. By knocking out ZmDREB2A and editing promoter regions of aquaporin genes, we developed lines with enhanced water use efficiency and physiological resilience under limited water conditions. Greenhouse trials demonstrated a 28% increase in biomass and 17% higher grain yield under drought stress.
Field evaluations confirmed improved root depth, leaf water retention, and photosynthetic rates. No significant yield penalty was observed under normal irrigation, confirming the potential for field deployment. This study validates CRISPR as a powerful tool for climate-smart maize breeding and paves the way for broader applications in cereals.