Efficacy of Tablet-Based 3D Visualization vs. Traditional Textbook Learning in Human Muscle Anatomy

Abstract

Background: The rapid integration of digital technologies in medical education has introduced tablet-based 3D visualization tools as potential alternatives to traditional textbook learning. These tools are designed to enhance spatial understanding and interactivity, especially in complex subjects like human muscle anatomy. However, the effectiveness of such tools in improving learning outcomes remains under evaluation.
Objective: This study aims to compare the efficacy of tablet-based 3D visualization and traditional textbook-based learning methods in teaching human muscle anatomy to pre-medical students.
Methods: A total of 200 pre-medical students were randomly assigned into two groups: one using interactive 3D anatomy applications on tablets and the other using standard anatomy textbooks. Both groups received instruction on major muscle groups over a two-week period. Learning outcomes were assessed through standardized knowledge retention tests and a post-session survey evaluating user experience.
Results: Students in the 3D visualization group demonstrated slightly higher test scores, though the difference was not statistically significant. However, their reported learning experience and engagement were significantly more positive compared to the textbook group.
Conclusion: While tablet-based 3D tools did not significantly enhance academic performance over textbooks, they greatly improved student engagement and learning satisfaction, suggesting their value as complementary educational resources.